Human Resources Equal Employment & Affirmative Action

Question: Portray about the Human Resources for Equal Employment Affirmative Action. Answer: Presentation The White Feather Corporation is a quickly developing buyer item association which has its specialization in the creation and deals of family unit things and items, for example, yard furniture, spa embellishments, bug anti-agents, stain safe paints, and so on. The organization has a workforce of 400 excluded and 3,000 non-absolved representatives and practically every one of them are all day laborers. Notwithstanding its Clucksville office, the organization has five additional plants and two conveyance communities all through the state. The organization as of late settled a Human Resource division so as to bring together the capacity of controlling and coordinating its HR. The leaders of the offices were picked out of those representatives who had been working with the organization for over 10 years. Marianne Collins was given the duty of school enrollment and half of her time was to be committed to it. During the primary year, she built up an enlistment plan and concluded that the organization would lead enrollment in 40 schools before the finish of the principal year. The enlistment strategy started yet the final products were not exactly great. There were various grumblings enrolled by the situation officials of the schools that the organization visited. Out of the 55 up-and-comers who were given a vocation proposition, just 30 acknowledged the proposition. At long last 25 of them were welcome to join the organization out of which just 15 acknowledged the proposition for employment. The enlistment plan was a fini shed disappointment and Marianne was approached to meet her manager to clarify him all the issues and was likewise informed that she would get no legitimacy pay increment. In this task, we will structure a reconsidered enrollment plan for the organization that would help them in leading school enlistments all the more proficiently and with better final products. Wfc College Recrutiment Plan Demands/Needs 40 school graduates Reports to Department director Capabilities multi year proficient degree, brilliant relational abilities, dynamic aptitudes, self-persuaded. Significant Labor Market The applicants should take care of the creation tasks and the deals of the items. They will be extended to office employment opportunities whenever chose (Ford, 2011). Number of schools and contacts per school The organization will visit a sum of 10 universities consistently and will choose at least three competitors from every school while the remainder of the applicants will be chosen based on their exhibitions. EEO/AA Considerations The enrollment of competitors will be carefully as indicated by the rules referenced in the Equal Employment Opportunity Law dependent on their exhibition in the different presentation and character tests that the administration chooses to take. The tests will be same for all the applicants and their will be no type of segregation dependent on cast, sexual orientation, age, decent variety, and so forth. (Hr.ucr.edu, 2016). Enrollment Plan Let us currently structure some significant parts of the enlistment plan: Determination and preparing of spotters The choice and the preparation of the scouts will be a top most need for the administration. The administration will consider those individuals as selection representatives who might have been working for over 5 years with the association and think pretty much all the essential activities that are engaged with the business. The selection representatives will be prepared consistently so they can satisfy their obligations by keeping away from any type of unlawful exercises. The preparation would target expanding their proficiencies recorded as a hard copy sets of expectations and determination and furthermore at directing diverse character tests. It would likewise build their capacity to make inferences from the test led. For their preparation and improvement reason, they will be extended on the employment opportunity preparing and advancement programs which will be led by proficient coaches (Lse.ac.uk, 2016). Procedure Flow and Record Keeping The enlistment of the up-and-comers will be directed in a methodical manner. The tests will be directed on the web and every competitor will be furnished with a one of a kind username secret phrase that would permit them to sign into their records and step through the necessary examinations. It will likewise help the organization in keeping up exact records of the considerable number of applicants in the more drawn out run. When the fundamental tests are led, the passing competitors will at that point be qualified for individual meetings (Spencer, 2005). Pre-visit exercises A group of enrollment specialists will visit every one of the school before the start of enlistment process. The pre-visit will be planned for building relations with the foundations. The enrollment groups will lead workshops in the foundations where the intrigued competitors will be educated about the organization and the activity for which they would apply. The pre-visit exercises will likewise permit the organization to set up the establishments for the enlistment procedure, for example, choice of foundation, research centers, talk with rooms, sitting areas and so on. On-Campus exercises The nearby exercises will essentially be connected with the enrollment procedure. The nearby exercises will incorporate primer test, for example, character tests and mental tests. When the tests are directed, the passing competitors will at that point experience individual meetings (Venzin, 2016). Post-visit exercises Post visit exercises will be planned for extending employment opportunities to the shortlisted competitors, giving and reclaiming criticism from the situation panels of the organizations. Estimating Success Estimating the achievement of the enlistment procedure is one of the most basic things that the WFC organization should check after the execution of the new enrollment process. Let us talk about some key focuses that will be utilized to quantify the achievement of the enlistment program: Time to employ one of the key factor will be the time that the enlistment group will take to recruit the chose number of applicants Cost of recruit the following key factor in estimating the effectiveness of enlistment plan will be to check the all out cost that the organization should bring about in the enrollment procedure Occupations extended and employment opportunities acknowledged another significant measure will be the quantity of occupations extended and the quantity of employment opportunity offers acknowledged Standards for dependability it has been discovered that new applicants tend to stop associations early. In this way, another significant factor that would gauge the achievement of the enrollment program will be the quantity of newly employed competitors that the organization will have the option to hold (Recruitment - Do you have the goods? - APSC, 2016) References Passage, R. (2011). Blue Collar, White Collar, No Collar. New York: Harper Perennial. HR: Equal Employment Affirmative Action. (2016). Hr.ucr.edu. Recovered 29 September 2016, from https://hr.ucr.edu/enrollment/rules/diversity.html Enlistment - Do you have what it takes? - APSC. (2016). Apsc.gov.au. Recovered 30 September 2016, from https://www.apsc.gov.au/distributions and-media/file/distributions document/enrollment measures Enlistment and determination preparing - Recruiting staff (counting contracting hourly paid staff) - Joining LSE - Human Resources - Staff - Staff and understudies - Home. (2016). Lse.ac.uk. Recovered 29 September 2016, from https://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/staff/humanResources/joiningLSE/recruitingContracting/recruitmentAndSelectionTraining.aspx Spencer, K. (2005). Customizing My Own Strategic Recruitment Plan. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 25(2), 59-60. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006527-200504000-00003 Venzin, M. (2016). Build up a Sustainable Recruitment Plan. The Membership Management Report, 12(10), 1-1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmr.30488

Option and Major Studios

Blade 4414 †Financial Management †Spring 2009 â€Å"Arundel† Case Assignment Due: March 23, 2009 Case: â€Å"Arundel Partners: The Sequel Project,† HBS, Case # 9-292-140, Revised 12/92. Principle Question: Is $2million per film a reasonable cost? Why or why not? Extra Questions 1. Give a short diagram of the proposed adventure. Unmistakably depict the significant course of events. 2. For what reason do the advocates of this endeavor accept that Arundel Partners can bring in cash purchasing film continuation rights? For what reason do they propose purchasing an arrangement of rights instead of arranging the price tag on a film-by-film premise? For what reason do they propose to buy the continuation rights at t=0 (before the primary film is discharged) as opposed to at t=1? 3. Accepting a rebate pace of 12% (chance free pace of 6% and a hazard premium of 6%) ascertain the NPV for all the spin-offs. Utilize the normal negative expenses and the normal incomes given in Table 7. 4. Utilizing the â€Å"decision-tree† approach, ascertain the per-film estimation of the spin-off rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios. . Expect that a limit of ten spin-offs can be made at whatever year. Utilizing a similar choice tree approach, what might you gauge to be the per-film estimation of the spin-off rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios? 6. Utilizing the Black-Scholes approach, figure the per-film estimation of the spin-off rights to the whole arrangement of 99 motion pictures discharged in 1989 by the six significant studios. Accept by and by that there is no greatest to the quantity of continuations that can be made in a given year). You should give subtleties of how you evaluated the contributions to the B-S recipe. a. Resource esteem b. Exercise value c. Unpredictability of benefit brings d back. Time to development e. Hazard free rate HINT: Note that the chance to development of the alternatives is when vulnerability is settled not really when the spin-off is made. The benefit esteem is the thing that you will get in the event that you practiced the alternative to make the spin-off. Again utilize normal qualities for all the continuations. Likewise utilize the normal estimation of the expense to make the continuations at the activity cost. Evaluating standard deviation is somewhat trickier. Note that you don't have past data on comes back to every spin-off of gauge instability for a continuation. In any case, you have data on an arrangement of spin-offs and you know the profits to these spin-offs and you could utilize these to evaluate a standard deviation dependent on a cross-area of profits (DO NOT USE PRICE LEVELS). Likewise the standard deviation ought to be founded on each of the 99 continuations †that is it ought to be founded on the whole appropriation. 7. Do an affectability examination of the estimation of the choice to the estimations of the hidden resource, practice cost, and instability. 8. What issues or differences would you expect Arundel and a significant studio to experience throughout a relationship like the one portrayed for the situation? What legally binding terms and arrangements ought to Arundel demand?

Research and grow Aquilegia flabellata from a plug Paper

Also, develop Aquilegia flabellata from a fitting - Research Paper Example Continuing further, Aquilegia flabellata is an enduring blossoming plant of the family Ranunculaceae. Different assortments of the plant incorporate A. flabellata var. pumila and A. flabellata var. alba (Armitage 111). The species is a local of Japan; in the high districts of Northern and Central Japan (Harper and McGourty 53). Concerning its development, it ought to be planted in a pot size of least 7 cm. Its full developed tallness is 15-20cm. The plant has partitioned leaves and somewhat glaucous. Aquilegia flabellata produces violet-blue, light blue, or lavender blossoms that are about 3cm in width. The botanical structures are housed in rich white petals. Its fan-formed foliage is thicker and more extensive in contrast with different columbines. The sprouting time is late-winter or pre-fall. As refered to by Seedaholic, the plant’s blossoms are created above appealing fan-molded foliage. At the point when planted outside, the plant’s separating is 30 cm. The seeds are planted in pre-fall and secured by 3 to 5 cm of soil. The plant can flourish in damp soil, impartial, basic or acidic soil conditions, and furthermore in typical, sandy or mud soil. At the point when planted inside, the seed composts in the pot. The dirt temperature is kept at 15OC to 20OC. The seedlings can be transplanted into 7cm wide pots. Taking care of is essential both organicall and inorganically. Indeed, even in winter, their adjusted foliage is as yet appealing. Be that as it may, they show up progressively alluring whenever given a late-harvest time hair style. After the blossoms have been delivered, the stalks can be cut off, leaving the leaves to accomplish their work. Aquilegia flabellata will in general cross-fertilize and hybridize, in this way making new strains just as hues. The plant develops best in morning sun and evening conceal. Comparable to its life span, this Aquilegia flabellata tends to free essentialness following four or five years. Taking into account that Aquilega flabellata grows up to 20 cm long, the partner

Regents College Observatory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Officials College Observatory - Article Example The Regent College can be instrumental in urging youngsters to contemplate the things that our precursors invested a great deal of energy considering over. The Regent College Observatory has a great observatory viewpoint because of its 80-year old vault. Aside from its outside look, this vault can change the temperature inside it. This causes the observatory hardware to perform at an ideal level. Changing conditions are known to influence the presentation of these kinds of gear. Be that as it may, this observatory won't face any issues in such manner. This brilliant component once had a nineteenth century telescope, which was expelled from the structure in 1984. Be that as it may, there is an arrangement to revamp the vault, which involves supplanting a portion of the messed up segments. Furthermore, and all the more critically, there will be present day cosmic hardware introduced. These will bring the observatory over into activity. Official College is in a perfect area that will give a uninhibited view to eyewitnesses once the observatory is prepared. There are no structures, for example, high rises anyplace in the region. In this way, investing time and energy towards bringing this observatory back being used is a commendable exercise. Positively, everyone will be charmed with it once it is back in activity. The observatory is being redesigned so it tends to be utilized for watching stars, planets, worlds, and so on. There is in fact a great deal of investigation that can be directed from here. Through this observatory it may be conceivable to find new planets and stars. Undoubtedly, having this office will be an immense bit of leeway over simply seeing pictures in books. Envision the rush of survey skies as they are in their really structure! Understudies will be eager to watch the stars thusly. They will be especially quick to utilize this observatory since this is likewise the worldwide year of space science. Restoring this observatory is significant in light of the fact that it is London's unparalleled focal observatory. Furthermore, it would likewise be an extraordinary task to dispatch for the school. Official College intends to begin another course called 'Space science', and the observatory will be utilized to run undergrad cosmology contemplates. Dr Peter Verdon who is administering the work being done on the observatory says, This will give understudies an opportunity to take a college class utilizing present day, best in class innovation. Indeed, this will draw in numerous understudies to apply for confirmation here. Which Astronomy sweetheart wouldn't have any desire to be here! Having the observatory in activity again implies that understudies will get an opportunity to learn important data about cosmology and the world that can be seen through the telescope. This course will introduce a gigantic first-time learning chance to understudies who do not understand what this superb subject is about. For the individuals who are as of now familiar with this subject, this will in any case be an incredible chance. There will presumably be numerous guests who might want to utilize the observatory once they notice the redesigned arch and the recently introduced telescope. It is clear as of now that bringing the observatory back being used will reestablish the verifiable viewpoint of the structure, and it will likewise be of colossal significance to the instructive system of the school. For presenting the re-opening of this observatory, a perfect area is required. Surely, the ideal area is Tuke film of the Regents College. It is an ideal area to make an official declaration.

How skilful communication influence patients’ health behaviours Free Essays

Effects and causes of drug addiction - 550 Words

Effects and causes of drug addiction (Essay Sample) Content: Causes and effects of drug addiction Name:Institution affiliation: Effects and causes of drug addictionDrug addiction is one of the most upsetting psychological disorders which affect the family and the individual. Drug addiction can be defined as the chronic relapsing brain disease which is characterized by habitual drug seeking and use despite the harmful consequences that result from the use. Drug addiction creates a ferocious cycle which incontestably precipitates anomaly in the brain which intern result to potent craving to use more of the drug. This paper covers the causes and the effects of drug addiction which includes both reasons for a person to start using the drugs and the aftermath which result from the drug addiction (Loose, 2002). There are different causes and effects of drug addiction and they do vary from one addict to another. It is not very easy to understand what prompts an individual to come to the point of abusing drugs which leads to different effects to that person. Drug addiction has many important aspects under it. The most detrimental cause of drug addiction is the individuals needy of self control. Many of the real drug addicts use the drugs as an outlet of dealing with their physical and emotional problems which may result from work or from home (Loose, 2002). Other factors that cause drug addiction include genetic factor, social pressure, easy access of the drug and depression. Genetic factor will occur just like the inborn diseases that are inherited from the parents to the child but in this situation, drug addiction will be inherited from the parents. The wide spreading social pressure mostly among the teenagers sets drug addiction in motion. Social relevance that does exist between the adults causes drug addiction as they try to be part of the crowd so as to be accepted (Loose, 2002). Another factor that causes drug addiction is the easy access of the drugs. In this fast growing generation, there is easy accessi bility of drugs. These drugs range from the legal drugs to the illegal drugs. Most of the illegal drugs dealers target the young individuals and end up creating an army of drug addicts during their early ages. Depression is one of the vast spreading emotional diseases and one other crucial cause of drug addiction. Depression for many of the people comes from life tries, individual insecurities or personal problems (Loose, 2002). Due to depression, many of the people opt to use drugs to overcome their depression and hence leading to addiction. Drug addiction does have vital effects. First it does affect the health of the individual. Drug addictions can pretense serious health problems and in some cases it does lead to death of the individuals. T is vital to understand that drug abuse is a disease that affects the brain which intern leads to the change of the chemistry of the brain hence influencing the persons behavior. Drug addiction affects the family and relationships (Loose, 2002 ). This can be viewed in the perspective of that a family does require both emotional and financial support in order to grow. If the family members are involved in drug problems, the well being of the family will rapidly worsen. Drug addiction places damaging implications to the society of today. The implications are fel...

Causes of the Korean War - Free Essay Example

For 3 years the Korean War was a savage and brutal mess with no means to an end. It all started on June 25 1950 when the communists invaded the capitalists. First, Japan and Russia were fighting for control over Korea. It then came to a stop when the Japanese empire fell on the 2nd of September in 1945. Instead of Korea being one as a whole they were split into 2 countries. South Korea being the capitalist side who was owned by the United States and North Korea being the communist side which was owned by the Soviet Union. While losing many lives in the process South Korea fought against North Koreas attacks with the help of the United States. In the beginning Japan and Russia were fighting for control over all of Korea. When Emperor Sunjong, the last Korean leader died. Japan took control over Korea for some time. The Japanese empire disassembled when world war 2 ended, Korea suffered during the cold war. This made Korea split into 2 spheres, in the center was the 38th parallel. The United States controlled the South of Korea while the Russians controlled the North. ( North Korea, China and the USSR). Russia was heavily involved in the Korean war. Russia played a major role when it came to the invasion of South Korea. They came up with the strategic plan to invade as well as the diplomatic support to invade South Korea. Another thing the Soviet Union did was give them supplies to fight. They also supported North Korea by helping train the air forces of North Korea and China.There had been 400 United Nation aircrafts that were destroyed when the war came to an end. ( Korea: A History Of The North-South Split). After the third day North Korea crossed the 38th parallel President Harry S. Truman sent in troops to help South Korea. There were American soldiers that were sent as well as British soldiers. Since the United States sent troops to help South Korea they have now officially joined the war. Truman lead the United States Air force to single out military zones in North Korea and bombed them. He also told the United States Navy to block off North Koreas waterfront. (History Editors). North Korea invaded South Korea on the 25th of June 1950. South Korea was caught off guard during this attack. North korea invaded and controlled most of South Korea. While this was happening, The United States demanded that the Security Council refer to the United Nations Charter. To show that North Korea invading South Korea was a means of invasion and thus deeming them as attackers. The North Korea was quickly invading South Korea, they were set on taking control of Pusan because of the resources and soldiers its providing to the war. (Michael Hickey) For the three years the United States had spent in the war they have provided support for South Korea. Almost half of the support the United States were sending are ground forces. The rest were air forces or sea forces. Close to 55 thousand Americans had died when the war ended and more than 100 thousand had been injured. The amount of money that was spent on the war could possibly exceed 20 billion dollars. In the end things were the same as it used to be. Half of Korea was owned by the United States and the other half by the Soviet Union. Many lives have been lost and The North and South Korea still do not like each other. (History Editors)

Battle of Lake George in the French and Indian War

The Battle of Lake George took place September 8, 1755, during the French Indian War (1754-1763). One of the first major engagements in the northern theater of the conflict, the fighting was the result of British efforts to capture Fort St. Frà ©dà ©ric on Lake Champlain. Moving to block the enemy, the French initially ambushed the British column near Lake George. When the British withdrew back to their fortified camp, the French followed. Subsequent assaults on the British failed and the French were ultimately driven from the field with the loss of their commander Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau. The victory help the British secure the Hudson River Valley and provided a needed boost for American morale after the disaster at the Battle of the Monongahela that July. To aid in holding the area, the British commenced building Fort William Henry. Background With the outbreak of the French Indian War, the governors of the British colonies in North America convened in April 1755, to discuss strategies for defeating the French. Meeting in Virginia, they decided to launch three campaigns that year against the enemy. In the north, the British effort would be led by Sir William Johnson who was ordered to move north through Lakes George and Champlain. Departing Fort Lyman (re-named Fort Edward in 1756) with 1,500 men and 200 Mohawks in August 1755, Johnson moved north and reached Lac Saint Sacrement on the 28th. Renaming the lake after King George II, Johnson pushed on with the goal of capturing Fort St. Frà ©dà ©ric. Located on Crown Point, the fort controlled part of Lake Champlain. To the north, the French commander, Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau, learned of Johnsons intention and assembled a force of 2,800 men and 700 allied Native Americans. Moving south to Carillon (Ticonderoga), Dieskau made camp and planned an attack on Johnsons supply lines and Fort Lyman. Leaving half of his men at Carillon as a blocking force, Dieskau moved down Lake Champlain to South Bay and marched to within four miles of Fort Lyman. Change of Plans Scouting the fort on September 7, Dieskau found it heavily defended and elected not to attack. As a result, he began moving back towards South Bay. Fourteen miles to the north, Johnson received word from his scouts that the French were operating in his rear. Halting his advance, Johnson began fortifying his camp and dispatched 800 Massachusetts and New Hampshire militia, under Colonel Ephraim Williams, and 200 Mohawks, under King Hendrick, south to reinforce Fort Lyman. Departing at 9:00 a.m. on September 8, they moved down the Lake George-Fort Lyman Road. Battle of Lake George Conflict: French and Indian War (1754-1763)Dates: September 8, 1755Armies Commanders:BritishSir William Johnson1,500 men, 200 Mohawk IndiansFrenchJean Erdman, Baron Dieskau1,500 menCasualties:British: 331 (disputed)French: 339 (disputed) Setting an Ambush While moving his men back towards South Bay, Dieskau was alerted to Williams movement. Seeing an opportunity, he reversed his march and set an ambush along the road about three miles south of Lake George. Placing his grenadiers across the road, he aligned his militia and Indians in cover along the sides of the road. Unaware of the danger, Williams men marched directly into the French trap. In an action later referred to as the Bloody Morning Scout, the French caught the British by surprise and inflicted heavy casualties. Among those killed were King Hendrick and Williams who was shot in the head. With Williams dead, Colonel Nathan Whiting assumed command. Trapped in a crossfire, the majority of the British began fleeing back towards Johnsons camp. Their retreat was covered by around 100 men led by Whiting and Lieutenant Colonel Seth Pomeroy. Fighting a determined rearguard action, Whiting was able to inflict substantial casualties on their pursuers, including killing the leader of the French Native Americans, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre. Pleased with his victory, Dieskau followed the fleeing British back to their camp. Sir William Johnson. Public Domain The Grenadiers Attack Arriving, he found Johnsons command fortified behind a barrier of trees, wagons, and boats. Immediately ordering an attack, he found that his Native Americans refused to go forward. Shaken by the loss of Saint-Pierre, they did not wish to assault a fortified position. In an effort to shame his allies into attacking, Dieskau formed his 222 grenadiers into an attack column and personally led them forward around noon. Charging into heavy musket fire and grape shot from Johnsons three cannon, Dieskaus attack bogged down. In the fighting, Johnson was shot in the leg and command devolved to Colonel Phineas Lyman. By late afternoon, the French broke off the attack after Dieskau was badly wounded. Storming over the barricade, the British drove the French from the field, capturing the wounded French commander. To the south, Colonel Joseph Blanchard, commanding Fort Lyman, saw the smoke from the battle and dispatched 120 men under Captain Nathaniel Folsom to investigate. Moving north, they encountered the French baggage train approximately two miles south of Lake George. Taking a position in the trees, they were able to ambush around 300 French soldiers near Bloody Pond and succeeded in driving them from the area. After recovering his wounded and taking several prisoners, Folsom returned to Fort Lyman. A second force was sent out the next day to recover the French baggage train. Lacking supplies and with their leader gone, the French retreated north. Aftermath Precise casualties for the Battle of Lake George are not known. Sources indicate that the British suffered between 262 and 331 killed, wounded, and missing, while the French incurred between 228 and 600. The victory at the Battle of Lake George marked one the first victories for American provincial troops over the French and their allies. In addition, though fighting around Lake Champlain would continue to rage, the battle effectively secured the Hudson Valley for the British. To better secure the area, Johnson ordered the construction of Fort William Henry near Lake George.

Kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk - 6406 Words

Automotive Engineering Advising Document Master of Engineering in Automotive Engineering CURRICULUM Systems Engineering Core Engineering Electives Management and Human Factors Automotive Engineering Seminar and Capstone Project TOTAL PROGRAM: Semester Credit 9 9 6 6 30 The M. Eng. Degree in Automotive Engineering requires a total of 30 credits—27 of which must be letter (A-E) graded. A minimum grade point average of 5.0/9.0 (â€Å"B† average) is required for graduation. Of the 30 credit hours, 24 must be 500 level or above. At most, 6 credit hours can be at the 400-level. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORE (9 credits) Courses must be taken in each area. 1. Powertrain AUTO 563 Dynamics and Controls of Automatic Transmissions MECHENG 438 Internal†¦show more content†¦A course description and syllabus must be submitted for prior approval of credit toward the Management and Human Factors requirement. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING SEMINAR and CAPSTONE PROJECT (6 credits) AUTO 501 AUTO 503 (required) Integrated Vehicle Systems Design (should be taken within the first year of the program) (required) Automotive Engineering Project (must have a minimum of 15 credits completed toward the degree) 3 3 2 Master of Engineering in Automotive Engineering Curriculum and Courses The M. Eng. Degree in Automotive Engineering requires a total of 30 credits - - 27 of which must be letter (A-E) graded. A minimum grade point average of 5.0/9.0 (â€Å"B† average) is required for graduation. Of the 30 credit hours, 24 must be 500 level or above. At most, 6

The Tax Assessors Office - 1138 Words

Tax Assessor’s are elected by the people and are responsible for locating taxable property, assessing the value, identifying the owner, and publishing annual and supplemental assessment rolls. Its good to know the assessment of your property to determine if you’re being properly taxed and to see if your home is gaining or losing value. The tax assessor’s office will assess all properties except STAR, Senior Citizens, Veterans, Persons with disabilities, and agricultural properties. The office responsible for protecting the integrity of public records and public funds is The Clerk of Superior Court. The Clerk receives, manages, and processes all court documents, collects and disburses all court fees, fines, and costs, and provides the public with access to court records. As keeper of public records, the Clerk records deeds, mortgages, and notaries’ public. Citizens’ case files, court records, property deeds, and mortgages are handled and protected by the Clerk; an impartial officer elected. This office is critical for keeping pubic records such as deeds so people can see current and correct deeds on properties. The clerk is also is keeper of land plats, these are important because they contain the boundaries, environmental easements(right of way for water, sewer, gas lines) and conservation buffers. If someone loses their plat, they can obtain a new copy at the clerk’s office. Tax commissioners are responsible for collecting property taxes, preparation of the countyShow MoreRelatedHow Database Is Used For All Analysis1462 Words   |  6 Pagesappeal has been filed with the Michigan Tax Tribunal as a result of this project, which is remarkable. 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Physical Variables are defined as log(lotsqfeet), log(lotdimb), log(lotdima), lot(totbldgft), lot(bathrooms), Age, Age^2, Condition, Tax Rate Zoning differentiates land as per its use. Different zoning areas have different conditions. Somebody planning to do alteration has to take permissions doing these alterations. Thus, zoning affects the value of prices. Zoning is done by GovernmentsRead MoreNew Venture Creation3656 Words   |  15 Pagespresentation | | | /2 | | | Style, grammar   and language | | | /2 | | | Total | | Less penalties | | GRAND TOTAL | /20 | General comments | | | | FOR MODERATOR’S USE ONLY | I agree with the assessor’s assessment I disagree with the assessor’s assessment and the new mark is as follows for the following reasons: | /20 | | Moderator: | | Title: New Venture and Business Plan Assignment topic You are the Marketing Director of a reasonably long established

Silent Night - 840 Words

Silent Night Many people look at the Holocaust in ways that are indescribable. They talk about it but do not believe that something so tragic could happen in this world. With the book Night, Elie Wiesel takes readers on a path to show them the true story of what it really was. With so many in-depth details, Wiesel describes a horrific place filled with hatred and fear that not one person could likely survive today. He describes just how the concentration camps were and how most people only wished they could die to leave all the pain and suffering they had gone through. With great use of imagery, symbolism, and repetition, Wiesel illustrated how silence became a part of every individual’s life in the Holocaust. The silence in the book†¦show more content†¦He felt that it was his way of opening up, since he has been silent for so long. Being able to go back, and see what he went through, was very tough. Showing us all the pain, fear, and straight torture he went through, made relate and understand what is real about the horrible things that happen in this world. Showing us his silence made us feel like we could feel the same silence he had. Sometimes, silence is good and Elie Wiesel felt like being quiet for some time would only help the memories. Opening up to people and bringing them to see just how life was, can really show how people use silence in many different aspects. Believing that this horrific experience could happen anywhere, can really make people stop and think and pray for what has happened and what could happen in the future. Works Cited Wiesel, Elie. Night. Trans. Marion Wiesel. 1958. New York: Hill and Wang, 2006.Show MoreRelatedA Silent Death: Elie Wiesels Night614 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"A silent death, suffocation. No way to scream, to call for help† ( Wiesel 94). Elie Wiesel and many other Jews were put in freight cars and and thought that their lives were over. The jews couldn’t have anyone help them, even when they were calling out for help. Elie wrote a novel called Night, he wrote from his own experience that he had when he was a child. He thought that once he got out of the freight car that it would be the end of the road. At the concentration camps jews could not talkRead MoreAnalysis of 7 OClock News/Silent Night by Simon and Garfunkel651 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of 7 OClock News/Silent Night by Simon and Garfunkel In expressive arts we are studing the topics the 60’s. We listened to the song â€Å"7 Oclock News/Silent Night† Simon and Garfunkel. In 1956, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel were juniors at Forest Hills High School in New York City. 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Finally I climb into my sleeping bag, feeling proud for the shelter I created with limbs, leaves, and only aRead MoreTesting For Plant Samples And Begin Procedure1118 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the test again. 12:30- Results need to be sent over to Michael in division 3. 1:00 – Set up lab for live testing. 2:00- Bring in plant samples and begin procedure. Nicholas groaned, as he knew testing would go on at least until 10:00 at night. That means that he wouldn’t be home until almost midnight. The city before Nicholas was a massive expanse of steel framed office complexes. Each one stretching up hundreds of feet into the open cave. They were supposed to resemble the skyscrapersRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesIn Night by Elie Wiesel, the author reflects on his own experience of being separated from his family and eventually his own religion. This separation was not by any means voluntary, they were forced apart during the Holocaust. Wiesel was a Jew when the invasion of Hungary occurred and the Germans ripped members of his religion away from their home in Sighet. A once peaceful community where Wiesel learned to love the Kabbalah was now home to only dust and lost memories. Most members of that JewishRead MoreSummary Of His Final Lullaby 1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthere was no way out. Then one day, without any explanation, he took his own life. He found his way out of the trap that no one knew he was in. I remember the lullaby that used to put me to sleep, now the same lullaby would keep me up in tears all night. I will never forget the day October 7, 2009. As usual, the day started like any other. A calm, fall mourning, Papa and I were drinking coffee. We were talking about sports, politics, music, and anything else that came to our mind. Around noon NanaRead MoreEssay of the White Mans Burden976 Words   |  4 Pagessymbol of Tony in the night life. â€Å"Orion was looking down at him, without a lot of interest. Orion and his dog. But there was no one else. They’d gone† (p. 50, bottom) The star constellation Orion is anything but stealthy, it is one of the most clearly visible constellations in the night sky. This represents the way he appears to oth-er, he is this rich kid on the block, illuminated and exposed in the night. Never has he been this vulnerable to gangs, he is a shining in the night with all eyes on himRead MoreThe s Night - Original Writing1526 Words   |  7 PagesEverything that happened in Elie Wiesel’s night. I will see, smell, and feel the holocaust through the eyes of Wiesel. â€Å"Alright, uh, Yavin. Nice name. I’m Mr. Hiraku. Are you ready?† the teacher asked, looking down at his chart for my name. â€Å"Yes sir.† I answered, a bit shakily. I had used VR before for video games, but never for something so important. â€Å"Alright. I’m going to read you off some side effects involved with this experience. ‘While participating in the Night VR experience software, you may encounter

Satirical Essay free essay sample

The people fortunate enough to have a home and a good job should not have to suffer when they walk down the street past hobos begging for a few dollars. It is not fair that the wealthy have to interact with the dregs of society on a daily basis. This problem has to be dealt with. That is why I propose that our society is in much need of the program, Clean Up The Streets (CUTS). The program resolves many different aspects of the issue . If the homeless are sent to landfills to collect cardboard and other material in which they can build their own houses with, this gets them out of sight of the wealthy. In addition to removing the homeless from our lives, it also aids the environment. With this new program, hobos are given a job in which they remove materials from landfills which they can then use to build shelters with. We will write a custom essay sample on Satirical Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yearly, Americans throw away 30. 9 tons of good food; this will make wasteful people feel as if they are actually helping people when they throw away unappreciated food. This also means that there will be plenty of food for the newly housed and employed people. Also, about $1 billion dollars worth of medicine is thrown out each year, so illness will be quelled as well. The new CUTS program is flawless; it resolves the issues of Grinnell 2 vagabondage, employment, and environmental problems. In today’s society, the homeless only get in our way. This is why it is imperative that the CUTS program be accepted. The first step in cleaning up our streets is housing the homeless. We can do this without donating half of our yearly salary to some hopeless program that supposedly builds fancy houses for the lesser people. With the CUTS program, all homeless are sent to landfills where they salvage our waste. This is very beneficiary to both arties of society. The primary goal of the CUTS program is to house every single homeless person in America, and we can do this without taxing the rich to give to the poor. They (society’s privileged few) can now feel good about themselves when they throw away their trash, knowing it’s going to a good place. In our current economic state, it is more important than ever to improve employment rates. The homeless are to blame for a good portion of the unemployment rate. If the CUTS program was to be accepted, the unemployment rate would drop, drastically. A secondary goal of CUTS, which goes hand in hand with the other objectives, is to employ the homeless at landfills across America. Their work would entail searching for waste products. They would only have to salvage 100 lbs of trash a week in order to stay employed and housed. Due to the age of technology, we are learning more and more about our planet. For example, we have learned about how bad America’s gluttony is. With only 6% of the worlds population, Americans generate 35% of the trash and consume 35% of the worlds resources. With the introduction of the CUTS program, who knows what those statistics will look like in just ten years. The program’s participants will be working, getting free Grinnell 3 food, and also helping save the world in the process. With hundreds of people in their own little community landfills sifting through trash and filth, unimaginable amounts of waste could be reused in the future. The CUTS program could resolve three very current issues if it were to be accepted; homelessness, employment, and environmental problems. Although the flawless solution could be considered inhumane, this couldn’t be further from the truth. The humanity comes in because the homeless are not equal to the citizens residing in the upper class, mostly because they do not pay taxes or work. Why should good tax paying people (who work hard for what they have) be forced to give money to people who have nothing and don’t work? Why should those who work hard have to suffer because of the slackers of society? They shouldn’t. They are much better suited working hard, just like the upper class does, and contributing to society, instead of bumming on the streets. Remember, â€Å"one mans trash is another mans treasure†.

ICT Ethics IT Consultancy Project

Question: Discuss about theICT Ethics for IT Consultancy Project. Answer: Introduction This paper attempts to understand various forms of ethical issues that can arise in ICT projects by exploring one case of an IT consultancy project and identifying various kinds of issues. It would assess the issues considering the code of ethics to determine how these may be resolved considering ethical codes of conduct. Case Study A IT consultancy organization need to take interviews of the employees of the client organization to understand their current knowledge of working and business processes which could be used for understanding the organization such that appropriate ICT tools can be suggested for implementation. However, this personal interaction between the design company professionals and the company employees could also result into disclosure of personal or organisational weaknesses. An employee may even talk about shortcomings in the client organization. In the process, people interviewed may also make personal remarks about their seniors that could be negative. This can raise an issue of privacy if the interviewers are asked by senior managers to disclose the responses of individual employees(Ferguson, et al., 2005). Ethical Issue(s) The case can be analyses considering the ACS codes of ethics that requires an organization to adhere to codes of ethics related to priorities and social implications: Priorities: As per ACS code, the interest of community must be placed over the interest of individuals. Thus, the consultancy staff must ensure that the responses obtained from the client staff remain confidential. In case any conflicts of interests are identified between staff of the client, the client may be advised on ways to resolve them. Social Implications: The code requires that a consultancy organization must work towards enhancement of the lives of people affected by their services. This requires maintenance of privacy of all the people who would be affected by the survey in the present case. An equal treatment must be given to employees or people working on the project with due respect and no unfairness against stereotypes(Stahl, 2012). Thus, in order to maintain the codes of ethics, an ICT company is required to understand and resolve issues that could be related to confidentiality and disclosure, privacy and respect. Confidentiality Disclosure: Confidentiality as per ethical codes talks about how the information, that is been disclosed by an individual due to the trusted relationship established between two individuals interacting, is treated. Confidentiality is about protection of data that can be used for identifying an individual and it is maintained with an agreement established between interested parties on the extent of the use of private information. In the current case, if the consultant discloses the responses of the employees interviewed to the senior manager of the company for some personal benefit then it would be the breach of confidentiality clause. The interview is intended to understand the working of the company and individual as a part of the unit and not about understanding the individual preferences of emotional relationships(Johnson, 2015). Privacy respect: Privacy is defined by the control that an individual has on sharing personal information with others. It is about people who have the right to get protection from disclosure of private information to wrong people who may misuse the information for their benefit. For instance, in the current case, if the personal details of one of the employees of the client organization is received which may benefit another organization or individual in some way and if the consulting organizations employees shares the same then it would be an invasion of privacy. The client organization can take the private details of the person such as about the family and can use the same for own benefit to invade on the privacy. A persons privacy has to be given respect and thus, should not be disclosed or misused for any other purpose than what the interview was intended for. Stakeholders Stakeholders of a consultancy project would include client management, its employees, and employees of the IT consultancy and the customers of the client organization. How each of these stakeholders may be affected by the ethical standards, practices and breaches is explained in the table below: Stakeholders Ethical Dilemmas Management - Senior Employees of Client Senior management would be sharing company processes, working and some confidential information with the ICT consultant that can be used against the organization is leaked to the competition by the consultant. Thus it raises the concerns of disclosure Employees of Client Employee personal information can be leaked or misused. Also, their personal responses can get disclosed to higher management that can affect their professional lives. This raises a concern of confidentiality. Employees of consulting organization Employees of the consulting organization must get accurate data from the employees interviewed failing which wrong interpretations may be made and wrong suggestions would go to client spoiling their reputation. Thus, this raises concerns of accuracy. Customers While exploring the data for assessing ICT systems, the consultant can gain access to the information about the customers of the client organization which can be stolen, leaked or misused. Breaches in Standards Various forms of ethical breaches that can occur in an ICT project in the case discussed can be related to ownership, control, accuracy and security. Ownership: When working with a client organization that an ICT consulting organization would be providing services, the consultant is likely to receive access to much internal and confidential information about a company. This could be related to the product, designs, and execution strategies and so on. If such information is leaked into the market, especially to competition then it can harm the strategic position of the organization. Thus, an agreement should be made between the organization and consultant on nondisclosure for the information that is not owned by the consultant. Control: a company may establish control over what activities a consultant may perform when assisting the client organization. This would involve monitoring of the consultant staff to have an understanding of how the organizations IT assets are being used. This monitoring may include the watch on websites visited, use of email system and access to private information about internal employees(Doridot, 2013). Accuracy: Accurate information brings the power for efficient decision making and thus, an organization must ensure that the information provided to the consultant for suggesting improvements or establishments in ICT infrastructure is accurate. The responsibility of providing accurate information would lie on the employees who would be interviewed to gather the requirement for the ICT project. Security: the systems used by the organization for any ICT project must be protected from security breaches such that personal data of employees do not get leaked to hackers affecting their private or professional lives. This would need company to establish systems for monitoring ICT infrastructure and identify if they are exposed to any forms of security threats such that the same can be resolved preventing their impacts on employees and systems of the organization. Consequences ICT systems have become integral parts in any organizations and they require significant investments to be made. In case any ethical breaches are faced then it can cause the liability for an organization as a consequence. For instance, if the customer data provided to ICT consultant gets leaked into the market, it will result into the loss of image for the client organisational as well as loss of the customer. In such a case, if the customer spreads a bad word of mouth, it would also prevent other people from taking products or services of client organizations leading to loss of sales. Conclusion This paper involved exploration of various types of ethical issues that may arise on an ICT project for which ethical standards and related issues like confidentiality and privacy were discussed. For this, a case study of an IT consulting organization catering to a client organization was taken and based on the case; stakeholders were identified to understand how ethical issues can impact each of the stakeholders. Possible ethical breaches in the ICT projects were also identified and their consequences were determined. References Doridot, F., 2013. Ethical Governance of Emerging Technologies Development. s.l.:IG Global. Ferguson, S. et al., 2005. Case studies and codes of ethics: the relevance of the ACS experience to ALIA , s.l.: Canberra Education. Johnson, L., 2015. Human Rights and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications .... s.l.:IGI Global. Resnik, D. (2016). What is Ethics in Research Why is it Important?. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://courses.washington.edu/bethics/Homepage/What%20is%20Ethics%20in%20Research%20%20Why%20is%20it%20Important_.pdf Stahl, B., 2012. Incorporating Ethics into Research and Innovation, s.l.: EU Research. Singal, R. Kamra, G. (2016). Ethical Issues in Advertising. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.ijmser.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Paper7689-694.pdf Thomson, A. Schmoldt, D. (2016). Ethics in computer software design and development. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/VT_Publications/01t7.pdf VICTOR, S. (2016). Ethics In Advertising And Marketing In The Dominican Republic: Interrogating Universal Principles Of Truth, Human Dignity, And Corporate Social Responsibility.illinois.edu. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/42418/Salvador_Victor.pdf?sequence=1a

Participation by Voluntary Sector Organisations in Public Service Delivery presents Major Challenges to the Organisations

Introduction Voluntary organisations engage in the delivery of public services for various reasons in different nations across the globe. One such reason is to ensure that services are brought closer to the communities. Communities and voluntary sector organisations are critical since they help in â€Å"reforming public services and reinvigorating civic life† (Ponikiewski 2002, p.91).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participation by Voluntary Sector Organisations in Public Service Delivery presents Major Challenges to the Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This argument implies that, within a nation, such organisations are pivotal in linking operations and repairing gaps in service delivery within communities. They boost the mechanisms of available services through petitioning the government to improve ways of delivering public services and goods that help to advance the lives of its people. Fr om this line of thought, voluntary organisations have important roles to play. However, while playing their roles, they encounter a myriad of challenges. This paper aims to examine and discuss how voluntary organisations may participate in public service delivery. The article first discusses the roles of voluntary organisation in the delivery of public services followed by the challenges encountered by such organisation while executing their roles. These challenges include accountability issues, policy formulation and implementation, collaboration, and the pulling together of resources, improvement in working conditions for paid staff, and better means of funding practices. Role of Voluntary Public Sector Organisations in Public Service Delivery In the UK, there are about half a million voluntary and community-based organisations. These organisations range from â€Å"small and local community-based groups to large, established, national, and international organisations† (Bill is Harris 2006, p.35). Although some of these organisations have their mechanisms for raising income, others largely depend on voluntary members for their operation. In reality, paid professionals manage most of the larger voluntary organisations, thus necessitating a significant sourcing of income, which presents major challenges.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In scholarly discussions of the roles of voluntary organisations in the delivery of public sector services, one dominant matter that attracts discussion is whether voluntary organisations have any purpose in charity work. This subject culminated in a conference entitled Charity Law Conference held in London in 2006. The main concern raised in the conference was a discussion of the role of voluntary organisations in the delivery of public services. Some issues identified could affect an organisation in a negative way. F rom the research findings of a survey conducted by the Directory of Social Change (DSC) in London, 68 percent of respondents surveyed thought that voluntary organisations do not play any roles of charity in the societies within which they are established (Directory of Social Change 2006). In the Public sector, modes of service delivery can be described as being benevolent and socially responsible. Voluntary organisations need to deliver services from this theoretical point of argument. Conversely, if the public sector service delivery could be described as involving the delivery of service through charity, voluntary organisations engaging in delivery of such services, therefore, ought to be described as charitable organisations. However, voluntary organisations fail to meet the classification of being charitable. Charitable organisations are not subject to introspection in the public domain to reveal whether they deliver their mandates precisely. This argument implies that in charit able organisations, the proof of accountability and responsibility does not attract the public interest since the public has no central role in framing certain expectations that must be fulfilled by the organisations. As opposed to charitable organisations, voluntary organisations are â€Å"often subject to greater scrutiny and monitoring processes than the private sector organisations† (Bovens 1998, p.457). Charity is conducted to ensure that the organisations remain accountable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Participation by Voluntary Sector Organisations in Public Service Delivery presents Major Challenges to the Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The public anticipates particular roles that voluntary organisations need to play in the delivery of public services. One such role is to ensure improved service delivery by the organisations. In this respect, it means that voluntary organisatio ns may act as overseeing organisations for the manner in which the government bureaucratically manages the process of delivery of public services. This case helps in ensuring that government services reach all persons who deserve them. Where the services fail to reach such persons, voluntary organisations act as the voice of the people. The operation of the voluntary organisations must be conducted with an expenditure of funds. Therefore, apart from facing the challenge of where to source funds, issues of internal and external accountability also emerge as discussed below. Internal and External Accountability Public accountability is one of the noble concepts that are universally supported by scholars in the discipline of public administration. In political discourses coupled with policy documents, the term finds an imperative usage since it portrays an image of trustworthiness and transparency (Forrer et al. 2010). These two aspects are crucial in the discussion of the challenges f acing the voluntary organisation that engages in the delivery of public services. Citizens who are also the clients of voluntary organisations have to be satisfied that a system of service delivery through voluntary organisations is able to meet their expectations of the public sector, without exposing funds to the risk of fraud. To this extent, accountability emerges as one of the critical values in public administration and voluntary organisations. Accountability entails making organisations transparently responsible in their dealings, with efforts to enhance their trustworthiness. For this goal to happen, a number of issues must be addressed by organisations seeking to be accountable. One such issue is the development of the facility to deal with emerging issues that could impede the organisation’s efforts to become and remain accountable. For instance, the advent of globalisation presents many challenges to corporations, institutions of public administration, and voluntar y organisations that seek be accountable to many nations. Kearns (2003) supports the argument by adding, â€Å"Globalisation plays the role of shaping the current trends in the global economic markets and the increasing interactions among nations and people from different parts of the world† (p.76).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emergence of new interactions that are driven by the advent of globalisation introduces challenges to institutions of public administration, including voluntary organisations in that they handle the emerging new roles to expand their sphere of functionality. The more expansive an institution or any system requiring checks, the harder it becomes to handle all the individual facets of its organisation. This issue may provide loopholes for acts of fraud. Emerging new issues such as those prompted by globalisation also present challenges to an organisation’s public liability due to â€Å" the need to understand the dynamics of global value chains, creating trade facilitation structures, developing partnerships, and the establishment of value chains and networks† (Kearns 2003, p.81). Existence of such new challenges means that voluntary organisation officials have to change their tactics for enhancing accountability, which is due to traditional approaches or styles for publ ic administration cease to be effective in handling all contemporary situations. This aspect may prove to be a challenge to their efforts to become transparently responsible. From the above discussion, it is essential that an organisation that seeks to be accountable in a globalised market needs to consider looking for new approaches to enhance transparency as opposed to traditional approaches. In fact, this point is yet another crucial issue involved in making voluntary organisations answerable both internally and externally. The history of public administration reveals that the primary approach for enhancing accountability is through exercising control and close monitoring of persons who are mandated to execute general duties. This task entails â€Å"bureaucratic discretion through compliance with tightly drawn rules and regulations† (Forrer et al. 2010, p.477). Voluntary organisations form some of the administrations that are subject to a tight control in their operations, as they aim to set an example of good governance that ensures that resources are equally distributed across nations and organisations. Alteration in the approach of bureaucratic discretion as a methodology for enhancing internal and external accountability in voluntary organisations is critical in a modern world that is driven by significant interactions. Rather than direct control, an organisation has to consider implementation of strategies for enhancing accountability based on the concerns of delegation as a methodology for breaking down the bureaucratic approaches to public answerability. The relevance of this issue for a voluntary organisation that wants to be responsible internally and externally rests on the platform that, although delegation is an effective way for enhancing accountability, it has its limitations. A challenge facing a voluntary organisation that is determined to be responsible is thus establishing a balance between and a determination of the extents and per missible thresholds of accountability in the organisation. Voluntary organisations engaging in the delivery of public services also face the challenge of dealing proactively with the issue of balancing the levels of accountability that is anticipated from various stakeholders. In support of this argument, Forrer et al. (2010) believe, â€Å"public managers report not only to a multitude of elected officials, but also to a plethora of interest groups, clientele, media, and other actors† (p.478). This argument means that public administrators serve many conflicting interests of different stakeholders, both formal and informal, through the deployment of appropriate mechanisms for enhancing accountability. The balancing mechanisms that an organisation that seeks to become responsible must deploy include hierarchical accountability and public accountability while not negating deploying of mechanisms for enhancing accountability to impersonal standards. Voluntary organisations that embrace the relevance of accountability as a way of development of trust among various stakeholders must appreciate that one of the important issues they must put into perspective is that they must conform to their established models of accountability in their internal and external structures. Policy Formulation and Implementation Organisational success is measured by the achievement of the purpose for which it was established to serve. This goal cannot be achieved without the development and subsequent implementation of a variety of policies. In case of voluntary organisations, challenges in policy formulations and implementation arise due to the difficulties associated with those who should ensure compliance and which methodologies are required to ensure that the established policies that aim at increasing the ease of accessibility of public goods are implemented. This challenge is significant primarily upon considering the argument, â€Å"the scale of voluntarism and the relati onship between voluntarism and the state have driven to the top of third sector research and policy debate† (Frumkin Andre-Clark 2000, p.331). The main aim of voluntary organisations is to enhance the lives of people. For instance, voluntary organisations operating in the healthcare setting alert people to the risk factors of specific ailments e.g., anti-smoking publicity. While it is easy to develop policies to ensure that this aim is achieved, implementation of specific policies in the healthcare setting requires the action of bureaucratic structure (O’Donnell 2005; Taylor 2007), i.e., laws. Where the person charged with implementation of individual segments of the policies is not paid for the work, compliance to bureaucratically established roles becomes almost impossible. Although the goal of many voluntary organisations is to work with all people, they tend to attract those who are disadvantaged in society. Such persons are marginalised and/or disadvantaged. Conse quently, voluntary organisations require large funds to run the various policies that are in place. The challenges associated with financial capacity to handle large programs as proposed by some of the voluntary organisations make policy implementation experience a major drawback (O’Donnell 2005). In this context, it is paramount to note that voluntary organisations at best identify the needs of the people they serve, although meeting the needs becomes a significant challenge. This case makes it impossible for such organisations to run effectively. Implementing some policies without a voluntary organisation’s social projects can only be done within financial constraints hence making it hard for the organisations to operate as entities that are independent of the state. Even though the state does not interfere with the policies developed, where the implementation of the developed policies requires the support of the national government, such policies must be consistent with the extents to which the government is able to fund various projects that are developed by voluntary organisations for societal gain. Collaboration and pulling together of resources Stemming from discussion raised in the previous section, voluntary organisations in health care cannot operate without close collaboration with the government. Collaboration and pulling together of resources among the government and other organisations that provide health care services, as a public good, is vital since â€Å" collaboration would aid in reduction of competition, duplication and costs and the sector would become more effective† (Ponikiewski 2002). With collaboration, it becomes possible for all stakeholders operating in the organisations to speak with a single voice, especially when talking to the government. In the UK, there are about half a million voluntary organisations (Wilding Wainwright 2006). Coordination and close collaboration of this magnitude of organisations, whic h have their own procedures and ways of operation, present a major challenge. A research by Barr et al. (2009) that was aimed to deduce the collaboration issues that hinder voluntary organisations to pull resources together found that â€Å"43% of voluntary organisations in Canada cited competition with other organisations for funding or revenues to be a major problem† (p.15). Twelve percent of these organisations identified competition as the main challenge that hinders proper coordination of the sector. This finding implies that within the organisations in the sector, several challenges hinder collaboration of all voluntary organisations because small organisations feel that their voice would be engulfed by the voice of the large voluntary organisation when they collaborate on some matters (Hall et al. 2004). Improvement of working conditions for paid staff Large voluntary organisations require human capital to operate effectively. Tantamount to other profit-oriented organi sations, voluntary organisations must balance the costs of paying for labour services provided to them and other activities, which must be accomplished for the organisations to fulfil the purpose for which they are established (Hall et al. 2007). In an effort to keep employees motivated, voluntary organisations must deal with the challenges of improving the working conditions for the paid staff (Glennerster 2008). Where organisations provide low-cost services or free services, the efforts to improve the working conditions for the paid staff present significant challenges to them. In a research to determine the impacts of the challenge of improvement of conditions of paid staff in the UK, Voluntary and Community Action (2009) found that among the organisations interviewed in its research, all participants noted that low salaries coupled with poor working conditions presented significant problems. This aspect resulted in high labour turnover rates, thus making it difficult to hire sta ff with requisite skills and professional expertise (Voluntary and Community Action 2009, Para.8). These challenges can be offset by providing more external, constant, and stable funding to the organisations by the government so that voluntary organisations can become labour competitive. This argument underlines the need for involving the roles played by non-voluntary organisations in the development of public policies at the national level. This strategy is crucial in the effort to ensure that public goods and services provided by the voluntary organisation remain competitive and of similar quality to those offered by profit-making organisations (Hall, McKeown Roberts 2001). For example, even though health care services are offered free of charge in the UK, benchmarks of quality are available elsewhere in the world. However, it is crucial to note that free at point of service does not make the NHS a voluntary organisation. For voluntary organisations dealing with healthcare issues , such as inaccessibility of reasonably priced health cover, quality healthcare to the elderly, for instance, cannot be offered without highly qualified professionalism. Recruiting and maintaining hired employees when impaired by inadequate funds implies that major problems arise in any voluntary organisation. Better Means of Funding Practices In the performance of voluntary organisations, a myriad of practices requires a commitment of funds. Considering the funding challenges encountered by many voluntary organisations, Packwood et al. (2007) argue, â€Å"Funding of operations, the time, and money required when applying for funding to fulfil the reporting requirements of funders amplify the challenge† (p.19). Dealing with these challenges calls for voluntary organisations to construct mechanisms of dealing with operating costs to increase service delivery gains (Hall et al. 2005) such as better healthcare to the public. However, arriving at a collective formula common to all organisations in the sector that will enable all unpaid organisations to operate efficiently presents challenges because the need to remain relevant hinders cooperation amongst various organisations. Research conducted in various charitable organisations reveals that they encounter problems while seeking to source funds from the government. For instance, in a research conducted in Canada by Hall and Andrukow et al. (2003), 48 percent of the studied organisations reported experiencing significant challenges in getting funds from foundations, government, and corporations. Although only 20 percent of the organisations argued that the problem was serious, it is arguable that, since a similar challenge is experienced in the UK, better means of funding remain a major challenge to charitable organisations on the global dimension. Engaging Volunteers Volunteers participate in voluntary organisations through their altruism and to help essential services to the public become realised. This a rgument implies that volunteers form interest groups for voluntary organisations (Championing Volunteering and Civil Society, 2012). They must then be engaged in the development and implementation process of the unpaid organisations’ policies (Community and Voluntary Service 2008; Moxham 2010). Although this role is necessary, not all volunteers’ contributions in the voluntary organisation can be incorporated in the final policies implemented by the organisation. This case may create perceptions of inconsideration of particular people’s contributions. Therefore, engaging the volunteers in the development and implementation of policies within charitable organisation may attract conflicts of interest. Resolving these conflicts encompasses one of the major challenges that these organisations have to deal with in any sector, including those in the health care sector in the UK. Conclusion Voluntary organisations play pivotal roles in ensuring that public services are brought closer to the most deserving persons, such as the marginalised and disadvantaged within communities. They do this by consulting with local and central government on the most successful communal projects, for instance, elderly healthcare services. This paper argues that realisation of these roles encompasses seeking mechanisms of dealing with the challenges encountered along the way. These challenges include engaging volunteers, seeking effective ways of ensuring both internal accountability and external accountability, and policy formulation and implementation. Other challenges discussed in the paper include the need for collaboration and pulling together of resources, improvement of working conditions for paid staff, and seeking better means of funding. Reference List Barr, C. et al. 2009, Strengthening the capacity of non-profit and voluntary organisations to serve Canadians: recommendations based on national survey of non-profits and voluntary organisations, Ottawa Imagi ne, Canada. Billis, M. Harris, N. 2006, Voluntary Agencies: Challenges of Organisation and Management, Macmillan, London. Bovens, M. 1998, ‘The Quest for Responsibility: Accountability and Citizenship in Complex Organisations’, Public Administration, vol. 77 no. 3, pp. 455-474. Championing Volunteering and Civil Society: What We Believe About Public Services 2012. Web. Community and Voluntary Service: Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Basket – Sustainable Funding Guide 2008. Directory of Social Change 2006, Is public service delivery chainable, Directory of Social Change, London. Forrer, J., Kee, J., Newcomer, K Boyer, E 2010, ‘Public- Private Partnerships and the public accountability question’, Public administration review, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 475- 484. Frumkin, P. Andre-Clark, A. 2000 ‘When Missions, Markets and Politics Collide: Values and Strategy in the Non-profit Human Services’, Non Profit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, vol . 29 no.1, pp. 328-335. Glennerster, B. 2008, ‘Human services and the voluntary sector: towards a theory of comparative advantage’, Journal of Social Policy, vol. 27 no. 1, pp. 79–98. Hall, M. et al. 2003, The capacity to serve: A qualitative study of the challenges facing Canada’s non-profit and voluntary organisations, Canadian Centre for Philanthropy, Toronto. Hall, M. et al. 2004, Cornerstones of Community: Highlights from the National Survey of Non-profit and Voluntary Organisations, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hall, M. et al. 2005, The Canadian non-profit and voluntary sector in comparative perspective, Imagine Canada, Toronto. Hall, M. et al. 2007, Cornerstones of community: Highlights of the National Survey of Non-profit and Voluntary Organisations, Catalogue no. 61-533-XPE, Statistics Canada, Ottawa. Hall, M., McKeown, L. Roberts, K. 2001, Caring Canadians, involved Canadians: Highlights from the 2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating, Catalogue no. 71-542-XPE, Statistics Canada, Ottawa. Kearns, P. 2003, â€Å"Accountability in a Seamless Economy†, in G Peters J Pierre (eds), Handbook of Public Administration, Sage Publications, London, pp.76-91. Moxham, C. 2010, Work in Progress? Developing Public- Voluntary Sector Relationships, University of Manchester, Manchester. O’Donnell, R. 2005, â€Å"Public Policy and Social Partnership†, in J Dunne, A Ingram F Litton (eds), Questioning Ireland: Debates in Political Philosophy and Public Policy, Institute of Public Administration, Dublin, pp. 109-121. Packwood, M. et al. 2007, Facing A Challenging Financial Future: Guide for Trustees and Committee Members Of Voluntary Community Sector Organisations, Macmillan, London. Ponikiewski, P. 2002, The London Voluntary Sector Almanac 2000, NCVO, London. Taylor, M. 2007, ‘Between Public and Private: Accountability in Voluntary Organisations’, Policy and Politics, vol. 24 no. 1 , pp. 87-103. Voluntary and Community Action: Developing a Sustainable Fundraising Strategy 2009, . Wilding, J. Wainwright, P. 2006, The UK Voluntary Sector, NCVO, London. This essay on Participation by Voluntary Sector Organisations in Public Service Delivery presents Major Challenges to the Organisations was written and submitted by user Madilynn Andrews to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Sample GRE Essay

How to Write a Sample GRE EssayWhen it comes to writing a sample GRE Essay, there are a few things that you need to keep in mind. You will be faced with a large number of different questions and topics to choose from. By being able to choose topics that are actually interesting to you, you can make sure that your essay is more professional and believable. By choosing topics that you find interesting and relevant to your abilities, you will be able to understand why you wrote the sample essay.By having a few guidelines about what topics are good and bad, you can make it a good idea to have a few ready beforehand. One thing that you want to remember is that not all topics are going to apply to every student. Keep this in mind when you write your sample GRE Essay.When thinking about GRE Essay topics, you want to think about the length of time that you want to write your essay. Usually, you will want to put some thought into the length of time you will write your essay. While you don't w ant to get too engrossed in it, you will want to put a good amount of thought into how long you will want to write it. A little bit of thought on this may help you come up with an idea of how long you will want to write the essay. If you are a student who is constantly writing essays on a regular basis, this can be a good way to gauge if you are able to write at the right speed or not.Another important thing to think about is where you want to publish your sample GRE Essay. What you will want to do is to choose a place that has easy access to the internet. This may take some research on your part. There are some good ways to go about this. By taking a look at the subject line of the site, you will be able to figure out if they have easy access to the internet or not.Last, but certainly not least, is knowing what you are trying to accomplish with your sample GRE Essay. Have you chosen topics that you think you are going to get a good response from? If so, have you followed through on those topics and covered them in your essay? This can be a good way to know if you are doing well with your sample GRE Essay or not. Having something for your resume that shows that you were able to follow through with the topics and write the essay to a professional standard can show someone that you are serious about your career.If you want to use this information for your real thing, you will want to put some thought into the topics that you choose to write about. Remember that you have to write something that you are going to be excited to read and that you are going to find interesting. Keep this in mind while you are looking at sample GRE Essay topics and you will find that you are able to write in a better manner and in an organized fashion.By taking these things into consideration when you are planning your GRE Essay, you will be able to make sure that you are doing your best with it. For instance, you should only choose topics that you find interesting and relevant to your skills. By keeping these things in mind, you will be able to provide your sample GRE Essay a professional feel and look.

University of Michigan-Flint Admissions Data

University of Michigan-Flint Admissions Data University of Michigan-Flint Description: Founded in 1956, the University of Michigan-Flint is one of 15 four-year public universities in Michigan. Flint is located about an hour northwest of Detroit, and the city has a rich history in American civil rights as well as the automobile industry. Today the city continues to evolve and has become a rich location for the arts. The city is the home to The Flint Institute of the Arts, and a range of venues for art exhibition, theater and music. The University of Michigan-Flint campus sits in the heart of the city. Kettering University is withing walking distance. UM-F takes pride in its engaged learning approach to education. Since its founding, the university has followed a learning by doing model of education in which students engage in internships, undergraduate research projects, campus leadership positions, creative projects, and community service. Students can choose from over 100 areas of study, and academics are supported by a healthy 16 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Profess ional fields in business, education, and health are particularly popular. Campus life is active with several fraternities and sororities, over 20 club sports, and a wide range of other student clubs and organizations. The university does not have any varsity intercollegiate athletic teams, but UM-F students can by tickets to University of Michigan games at a discounted price.   Admissions Data (2016): University of Michigan - Flint Acceptance Rate: 65%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 493  / 575SAT Math: 485  / 598SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanMichigan public university SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 19  / 26ACT English: 18 / 26ACT Math: 18  / 25What these ACT numbers meanMichigan public university ACT score comparison Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 8,044  (6,585 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 39% Male / 61% Female58% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $10,344 (in-state); $20,190 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,706Other Expenses: $3,910Total Cost: $23,960  (in-state); $33,806 (out-of-state) University of Michigan-Flint Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 89%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 63%Loans: 85%Average Amount of AidGrants: $7,786Loans: $6,428 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Elementary Education, Health Care Administration, Nursing, Social Work Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 68%4-Year Graduation Rate: 13%6-Year Graduation Rate: 37% Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Interested in the University of Michigan-Flint? You May Like These Universities: Michigan State UniversityCentral Michigan UniversityUniversity of Michigan-DearbornUniversity of Michigan-Ann ArborWayne State UniversitySaginaw Valley State UniversityWestern Michigan UniversityFerris State UniversityOakland University University of Michigan-Flint Mission Statement: mission statement from  umflint.edu/chancellor/mission-vision The University of Michigan-Flint is a comprehensive urban university of diverse learners and scholars committed to advancing our local and global communities. In the University of Michigan tradition, we value excellence in teaching, learning, and scholarship; student centeredness; and engaged citizenship. Through personal attention and dedicated faculty and staff, our students become leaders and best in their fields, professions, and communities.

A persuasive postion paper on Fast food, burger king VS McDonalds Essay

A persuasive postion paper on Fast food, burger king VS McDonalds - Essay Example Others would counter that the discerning diner will detect real differences between fast food franchises when flavor, promotions and dining experience are considered. As one of these discerning consumers, I feel considerable differences can be found when comparing two fast food franchises such as Burger King and McDonalds. McDonalds is truly a ground –breaking enterprise. Global in scope and backed by decades of success, this fast food giant has set the standard for all others for many years. This fact is apparent in McDonald’s popularity and profits (Associated Press). But like an old shoe that’s been worn too much, McDonald’s has a sole that is wearing thin. The greatest problem is flavor of the food. True, it has been consistent for many decades, but that’s the problem. While other eateries have been innovative in positive ways, McDonalds seems to be stuck in a flavor rut. They are constantly introducing new items, like burritos and iced coffee, but they just seem to taste like everything else they already sell. Perhaps this can be attributed to the predictability of the promotions McDonalds tend to run. Cheap plastic gizmos of the latest blockbuster movie for the kids and sweepstakes games like monopoly are old and tired. They just add to a dated feeling present on the menu and in the store. McDonalds seems to have kept none of the nostalgia that has made it a traditional favorite while at the same time not really moving forward with anything truly innovative for years. Burger King, on the other hand, has made great strides in producing outstanding flavor results on its menu. The best innovation isn’t really an innovation at all. They simply offer fresh tomatoes, lettuce and onions on all of their burgers as a standard feature. They haven’t started making new products. Instead, they focus on doing a better job on giving their existing products the best flavor possible. Burger King also offers fewer promotional items and the

Argument speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument speech - Essay Example Lets commence with the strongest argument which supports the claim that technology is detrimental to a child’s creativity as outlined above. 1. It is very easy and simple now days to write about an idea unlike in the past where the idea had to be thoughtful. Today, a student or child undertaking a creative writing task will look for an idea, search it online and then read the relevant articles before writing his own. This reduces the thoughtful process (Noddings, 2013). 2. Batten & Russell (1995) stated that the use of technology elements such as spell checkers and grammar checkers has made students to be scared of performing handwritten tasks since these tools are absent to correct or check their mistakes. Thus, students or children who have developed this dependency will be reluctant to use a pen since they will are scared or afraid of failing. Transition: The use of technology should be minimized since it leads to poor development of critical thinking skills and low confidence in handwritten tasks among students and children. Further, there is another significant reason as to how technology reduces creativity among children and students. 2. Playing enables children’s braid brains to develop properly. Lack of play and the use of technology reduce brain development. This limits the ability of a child since poorly developed brains are less efficient when it comes to creativity (Ginsburg, 2007) c. (impact statement) Although technology is vital for enhancing learning and creativity in children or students, its draw backs outweigh its benefits. Children and students need to get first hand engagement through play and interactions with real people or things. First hand interactions stimulate brain development and learning leading to an improvement in creativity. Transition: Children should minimize the use of technology since it tend s to reduce their creativity. Rather, they should interact more with people in addition to playing. Below

Storm on the Island Essay Example for Free

Storm on the Island Essay The poets, who wrote the four poems in question, all put forward their personal views upon the aspect(s) of nature which their pieces are themed around. In Seamus Heaneys poem, Storm on the Island, the theme is implied simply in the title. Heaneys poem explores the effects a storm has upon island dwellers where there is no natural shelter. He relates how weak and defenceless we humans are compared to these natural happenings. The way in which we are forced to shelter and protect ourselves from this nothing which has the power and might to change everything in our lives. The unmistakable sense of peoples fear of natures fury is shown throughout the poem. Human and Nature seem to be at war with each other- nature versus man- with Nature the dominant adversary but humans still grimly hanging on. The two sides almost appear to be at a stalemate. For try as it might, the storm has not beaten man- and man can only find means to protect himself- being too weak to retaliate. Heaney presents the storm as an unwanted and vicious foe but does recognize Natures absolute and unrivalled power. Nature is shown to be brutal, strong and overpowering- without mercy to the island dwellers. The other post 1914 poem- The Field Mouse by Gillian Clarke, presents a view which totally opposes Heaneys idea of Nature dominating over man and man being the victim. In fact it completely reverses the idea and has instead man being the one at fault, and shows Natures innocent beings (e. g. the field mouse) as the ones who suffer because of our stupidity and greed. It portrays how the innocence of the vulnerable is shattered by stronger forces through the story of a field mouse fatally injured by a harvester. She presents humans as the tyranny- the plague of nature- destroyers of lives, beauty and innocence through our greed, arrogance and selfish ignorance to the people and things around us- nature as the wronged- the helpless- the meek. Clarkes poem compared to the less descriptive- though just as effective Storm on the Island are very similar in theme, as both concentrate on the seeming battle between man and nature- though the poets are in different minds on who is the most destructive. Heaney concentrates on the natural occurrences that disrupt and destruct peoples lives- but are unavoidable- whereas Clarke focuses on the destruction and consequences Humans force upon nature and the innocent. The actions which are not unavoidable and could easily be averted. Each of the four poems are set out in different styles and structure to add to the overall effect of the poems. Storm on the Island is mostly blank verse. Twenty lines without rhyme, but which is structured in strict iambic pentameter of 10 beats per line. This produces an almost methodical and solemn rhythm to the poem which adds to the seriousness of the situation the Island dwellers find themselves in, for if they did not devise methods of protecting themselves from Natures fury, it could be fatal to them. The field mouse however differs. Gillian Clarke sectioned the poem into three stanzas beginning, middle and end. The first stanza introduces the separate scenes of haymaking and war and compares the two. Though haymaking initially is thought of to be a peaceful and naturalistic event, Clarke manages to turn usually innocent images into deadly, warlike scenes.E. g. summer, the long grass is a snare drum. When the idea of summer is presented, we generally perceive a warm, happy peaceful time- as with long grass, we think naturalistic scenes. Long grass is home to plenty of creatures- snakes, rabbits, pheasants, mice etc. As it is home to many creatures and it is therefore considered a safe haven for them. However, Clarke dispels this idea and instead of having it safe, has it a snare drum. Snare- entrapping, harsh- warlike. Drum conjures up the idea of marching to war- the drums in the background providing the solemn funeral like March. The 2nd stanza introduces the mouse injured by their hay making- caught in the tractors blade. An innocent creature killed because of humans. Due to the underlying images and hints of war in the previous stanza, our minds are tuned to this idea of war destroying the innocent, so when given a mouse killed by humans, we think of the innocent civilians who are caught in the crossfire of the war in Europe who have nothing to do with the conflict but ironically due to being neutral are hurt. The third stanza portrays the consequences of our actions upon nature- Before the days gone, the field lies bleeding, The dusk garden inhabited by the saved, voles, frogs, a nest of mice. It disconcertingly again tunes our minds to human war- the refugees fleeing their homes to escape death or injury. The destruction and woe that war brings- the field lies bleeding- And again our poisonous actions on nature. The poem is highly metaphorical- using combinations of varied linguistic devices to achieve its end ambition of procuring a sense of guilt and remorse in the reader. Metaphors and personification (e. g. the field lies bleeding) are used with great skill- blending two similar stories into one. By using a simple field mouse injured by a harvester in summer to represent innocent civilians casualties caused by caught in the cross fire of a war they play no part in, she evokes feelings of pity and shame inside the reader which then also transfers on to the civilians. She also produces scenes of natural innocence and transforms them into images desecrated by human hands (e. g. a child running through killed flowers and the death of the mouse) to embed her point of our contamination and cruelty upon nature and its creations. Her choice of language is also highly emotive and the feelings of shame and guilt rest largely upon her language. Perhaps this is merely a coincidence, but I received the impression, that the two pre 1914 poems were much more idyllic nature wise and were more centred upon the beauty and creations, whereas the other two struck me to be more about human interference with nature and the affect nature has on human lives. This is almost definitely due to the huge world wars of 1914 onwards which took place and the after shocks which followed. Though this is only a guess, it would explain the rather sudden change on the outlook of our lives and nature. Millions of people had died suffered and had had their homes destroyed- creating misery, devastation and thousands of refugees. Storm on the Island even has some likeness to the Blitz. Having to build improved safer shelters to protect themselves from the bombardment and rage of the storm reminds us rather of people having to build air raid shelters and take refuge in the underground to protect themselves from the deadly bombings in world war two.